General Poetry posted May 7, 2021 | Chapters: | -Prologue- 1 |
Part One- English Haiku History
A chapter in the book Japanese Poetry
Cherry Blossoms
by Gypsy Blue Rose
cherry blossoms fall HISTORY OF ENGLISH HAIKUI love Japanese poetry and I am happy to share what I know with all of you. The following is a brief history of English Haiku. A summary of the essay, “Under the Basho, Haiku in English”. HAIKU originated in Japan about six to seven hundred years ago and thus is one of the world's oldest surviving poetic forms (Henderson 1958). In 1868 Japan opened its shores to the West (Giroux 1974). A group of English and American poets who called themselves IMAGISTS took a special interest in haiku (Pratt 1963). Imagism was a movement in early-20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery and clear, sharp language. A haiku is a haiku because all the images it conveys occur simultaneously in a person's present perceptions of the world. Zen influenced haiku. It's the Japanese version of Buddhism in China, noted for personal tranquility, and its encouragement of education and art. As a result, the haiku translations of scholars H.G. Henderson (1934-1958) and R.H. Blyth (1949) began to promote Haiku in the United States. (Lamb 1979a). By the early 1960s, more people grew aware of haiku and grassroots organizations began to flourish, especially in California (Lamb 1979a). The Hippie culture with its interest in Eastern art, literature, music, religion, and philosophy, was a perfect fit with haiku fans. In 1963, 'American Haiku', the first magazine devoted entirely to English-language haiku, was published in Wisconsin (Lamb 1979b). The so-called “Beat Poets” were attracted to Oriental modes of perception and of poetry. During the 1970s and 1980s, the English-language haiku became more entrenched in North American culture with over a dozen periodicals: Haiku Poets of Northern California, Haiku North America, and Haiku Society of America, to name a few.
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click here to check Haiku Society of America
Haiku Poets of Northern California
Haiku Poets of Northern California
American Haiku
silhouettes= the outline or general shape of something:
amorous= showing or expressing love
gampi tree = fiber is used for Japanese paper
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I will be posting short Japanese Poetry lessons from time to time. They consist of a collection of essays I find helpful for writing Japanese poetry, and my own personal notes. I hope some of you find them helpful.
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CITATIONS:
BLYTH, R.H. ([1949] 1981), Haiku (4 vols.) Tokyo, Hokuseido Press.
GIROUX, J. (1974), The Haiku Form, Rutland, Vermont, Charles E. Tuttle.
HENDERSON, H.G. (1934), The Bamboo Broom, Boston, Houghton Mifflin.
HENDERSON, H.G. (1958), An Introduction to Haiku, New York, Doubleday.
HIGGINSON, W.J. (1982), "Afro-American Haiku," Frogpond, vol. 5, no. 2, 5-11.
HIGGINSON, W.J. (1985), The Haiku Handbook, New York, McGraw-Hill.
LAMB, E.S. (1979a), "A History of Western Haiku" (Part 1), Cicada, vol. 3, no. 1, 3-9.
LAMB, E.S. (1979b), "A History of Western Haiku" (Part 2), Cicada, vol. 3, no. 2, 3-9.
LYNCH, T.P. (1989), "An Original Relation to The Universe: Emersonian Poetics of Immanence and Contemporary American Haiku," unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oregon.
O'BRIEN, G. (1982), "Charles Reznikoff: A Difficult Simplicity," Frogpond, vol. 5, no. 2, 20-22. PRATT, W. (1963), The Imagist Poem, New York, E.P. Dutton.
Re-published in Simply Haiku, vol. 4, no. 3, Autumn 2006.
Re-published in Under the Basho, 2016, with permission of George Swede.
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