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"Glossophobia, the Villain"


Prologue
Glossophobia, the Villain

By Maria Millsaps

Preface

What I am about to say in this book is life-transforming. If you struggle with public speaking and are sick and tired of being minimized in your profession by this debilitating condition, you have stumbled on the right book and are on the way to recovery.

I know there are tons of books written on public speaking; there are also speaking clubs like Toastmasters and Dale Carnegie that offer courses, so why am I writing another book on public speaking?

Because Glossophobia continues to grow, and it is widespread in all parts of the world. What I find interesting is that no one is born with it. Experts estimate that 77% of the population has some anxiety regarding public speaking. When I started my research on this topic two years ago, it was at 75%. The numbers have continued to rise, like gas prices.

High achievers, computer analysts, doctors, politicians, athletes, and even entertainers, have been plagued with Glossophobia. Glossophobia is not biased; like a virus, it does not discriminate against anyone. Instead, it breeds all socioeconomic groups and crosses all cultural barriers as an equal opportunity promoter for anxiety. It does not matter what alphabet soup you carry after your name; it is the same for all: increased heart rate, blood pressure, and perspiration. However, that is not all Glossophobia causes; in some severe cases, freezing, fleeing, and even fainting.

Some people would rather die than speak in public. Public speaking can be scary to some people, but in all fairness, no one has ever died from it. The fear stems from perceptions of being judged, embarrassed, or rejected. We have all delivered that "class report" that did not go well or asked to do a skit or performance requiring more preparation. Some people forget about these experiences over time, while others develop chronic self-conscious concerns that continue to operate in the subconscious mind.

Glossophobia has been around since the beginning of humanity. It is a villain that robs jobs, success, and potential; it is about time this condition is eradicated, and I offer the antidote for this subconscious villain. Yes, there is hope, an equalizer, a cure, and a vaccine to eliminate this awful condition.

This debilitating condition has affected many influential people, including Demosthenes, Aristotle, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Winston Churchill, Joe Biden, and many more. Yet, they did not allow Glossophobia to overpower them, and they overcame and went on to be influential people and great leaders.

In this book, I will expose how Glossophobia operates and how you can overcome this condition with tools, methods, and bio hacks to overcome the struggles. Bio hacks consist of making small incremental lifestyle changes to make minor but quick improvements in your public speaking goals. The tools in this book are evidence-based methods to help overcome Glossophobia.

I hope this book will enrich and empower you in the art of public speaking. I look forward to hearing about your life-changing experience.

Are you ready to begin mastering the art of public speaking? Are you prepared to conquer Glossophobia and take back your power? May the Force be with you.

Author Notes This book was made possible through the trials and tribulations of my personal life experiences with Glossophobia.

First, I would like to thank my family and friends for encouraging, supporting, and inspiring me to pursue my dreams.

I especially would like to thank my speaking Club, Lompoc Valley of the Flowers Toastmasters, who gave me invaluable life lessons that helped me reach the Distinguish Toastmasters (DTM) recognition.


Chapter 1
Let my voice go

By Maria Millsaps

Oral artists are the traditional collaboration of recitation, drama, word picture, intonation, and voice inflections that thrills the ears and stirs the mind and soul with visual esthetics. Historically, oral traditions have preserved historical facts, knowledge, art, ideas, and cultural material. This primitive communication style still dominates communication, even with the new cutting-edge technology. Oral tradition still stands out as the single dominant form of communication in the species.

Indeed, the spoken word is compelling. The Bible said, "words are active, sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing to the division of soul, spirit, joints, and marrows, discerning the thoughts and intentions of the heart." Words have power, the power to heal, or the power to kill. So, the first step to becoming an excellent speaker is to educate the tongue and train it to help build up, not tear down; to encourage and not discourage, and to correct in love. We have heard the cliche a picture paints a thousand words, but "words" paint a thousand pictures. So let words paint pictures of hope.

Today more than ever, public speaking is in high demand, and it is one of the highest-paid professions in the world. The world as we know it is changing, but it is still a stage; as Shakespeare once said: "All men and women are players and have their exits and entrances. And one person in his time plays many parts." So, it is your time to be on the stage of life.

Do not allow Glossophobia to silence you. You have dreams, aspirations, and hope of leading the families, churches, and businesses to the promised land. The land of milk and honey leads to a higher level of consciousness. Unfortunately, many start the journey and lose themselves in the land of doubts and fears because Glossophobia has a hold on them. Despite your excellent character, sense of humor, and abilities, you are passed by like yesterday's fragrance when it comes to getting that promotion. The worst part is that you know you are qualified, but you could not explain to the board "Why you are the best qualified for the job." As a result, many succumb to mediocre jobs, working with incompetent people who make one's jobs a living hell. Well, no more.

You deserve better, and you know it. No more behind the scenes; you are at the center of the stage. You have the skills, the discipline, the passion, and you are the main character, do not worry about that nagging Glossophobia that has you by the throat; pretty soon, he will become a thing of the past.

Glossophobia has been around since biblical times. Let us step back into the pages of history, and we will meet the origin of this condition. The very first Glossophobic ever recorded in the history of humanity was Moses.

God and Moses were having a conversation from a burning bush. "Moses," said God, "I have seen the deep sorrows of the people in Egypt and have heard their pleas for freedom from their harsh taskmasters. So go and tell Pharaoh to let my people go."

"Buttttt God," Moses exclaimed, as he babbled away, sweat falling from his underneath his turban, "I am not the person for that job. I am telling you; I am not a good speaker. I have never been a public speaker, and you know, I am slow and just an old shepherd."

Moses had forgotten who he was. He forgot he had attended Pharaoh's educational system, the top-notch of the land. He forgot he grew up in the palace, and his mother was the Pharaoh's daughter. He forgot he was a member of the Royal Family. He had the finest tutors ever known to humanity. We know from written records that Egypt had a great university comparable to Oxford or Harvard today. Moses learned astronomy, chemistry, mathematics, engineering, music, and art.

Nevertheless, he forgot everything taught at that moment. What happened to all that knowledge and understanding? It happens; like that. Graduating from a prestigious university does not mean you cannot develop Glossophobia. Many highly educated people, like Moses, suffered from this condition. Glossophobia is like a phantom without boundaries or restrictions.

So, what can we take from Moses' story and use it to overcome Glossophobia? First, Moses was telling God that he was not qualified to speak, did not know what to say, and had no authority to talk to the Pharaoh because he was a shepherd.

I like how God answered Moses:
Moses, who gave human being their mouths? Who makes them deaf or mute? Who gives them sight or makes them blind? So, is it not I?" the Lord said.

We have all experienced the symptoms of Glossophobia at one time or another: profusely sweating, dry mouth, pounding heartbeat, knobs on the shoulders, trembling, dry throat, the urge to run out of the room, and, worst, avoidance of public speaking.

Glossophobia classifies as a social phobia or social anxiety disorder. The anxiety goes beyond occasional worrying or nervousness. It goes beyond intense fears; it is more like dreadful fears that are out of proportion, which could equate to being chased by a savor tooth lion or, worst, causing adrenaline and steroids to flood the brain. Glossophobia, like any anxiety disorder, often gets worse over time unless you nail it to the cross.

God knew Moses' brain was drenched in adrenaline and understood his fears, and he had the antidote to calm Moses' anxiety.

Then God told Moses, "I will certainly be with you and tell you what to say."

No deal, Moses was not convinced and formed arguments to get off the hook.

"Okay," tell them, "I am that I am, sent you," God said. "Here, I will give you something much bigger to overcome; here is a snake; grab it by the tail."

Moses was afraid of snakes and nearly jumped out of his skin when he saw the snake, but God encouraged him, "grab it, Moses, it will not hurt you."

Moses timidly approached the snake and grabbed it by the tail, turning it into Shepard's stick.

That impressed Moses, something he was familiar with, which helped build his self-esteem.

God's antidote for Glossophobia starts with affirmations. First, God affirmed Moses, reminding him he was equipped to do the task.

Then God trained him; I will tell you what to say.

Finally, God gave him something he was familiar with to build him up.

What is our takeaway from this?
(1) Affirmations
(2) Training
(3) Familiar and comfortable topics

In the next chapter, I will go into further detail on these three foundational keys.












Author Notes Moses was the first glossophobic


Chapter 2
Be all you can be

By Maria Millsaps

Chapter Two

Public speaking in any language, tribe, or nation is to influence, inform, or instruct. For example, a professional in business may want to influence buyers. Alternatively, a writer may wish to inform the readers of upcoming books. An educator wants to instruct an audience by supplying information that will be useful to them. It does not matter what the specialty is; all speeches fall into three categories, inform, influence, or instruct.

When God called Moses to speak to the Pharaoh, he commissioned him to deliver a persuasive speech that would influence Pharaoh to "Let the people go."

Moses did not think he could be influential; he lacked confidence. Confidence is the driving force to get things rolling. Nevertheless, he did not believe he could.

We have all been in that place of self-doubt. Self-doubt is closely associated with Glossophobia and operates with anxiety, depression, procrastination, and lack of motivation. God knew the psychological aspect of self-doubt in the mind of Moses. My friend, the world is a stage, and we are all part of it. "Whether you believe you can or can't, you are right."

Believing in one's capabilities puts Glossophobia on notice. It means recognizing one's strengths, skills, and successes and accepting failures. It is a learning curve that will make one stronger. It symbolizes determination, a badge of honor one should wear with pride because at least one has tried. Shame, weakness, or doubts catapulted by Glossophobia are advantages we can use to shrink its powers. Let us do this!

We all know the level of success we see in our life is a direct result of our beliefs. Moses did not believe he could, but something happened when he applied confidence, the antidote for self-doubt. He no longer was drowning in the Red Sea of fear, doubts, or self-sabotage when he learned three essential Keys that changed the course of his life.

The first Key to overcoming Glossophobia is to exercise the mustard seed of faith and believe it's possible. We all have both strengths and weaknesses. However, when we do not accomplish something that others do without breaking a sweat, we develop ANTS (automatic negative thoughts) and tend to focus on the glass as half empty. Our minds at once remind us of our past attempts, the shame, weakness, and failures encountered since kindergarten.

Moses suffered from an ANT infestation of self-doubt. He did not know himself nor his character. He suddenly forgot that he was talking to God behind a burning bush. "Who am I?" he asked, "I am nobody that people would listen to me."

God recognized that Moses needed a new perspective of himself, and affirmations worked wonders for this. However, at the time, no one knew how affirmations worked. But today, from positive psychology, we know that proper self-talk can change one's life and help reprogram the subconscious. So, exactly how do affirmations work? So glad you asked.

Self-affirmation activates the brain systems associated with self-related processing, rewards, and reinforcements (Sherman D.K. Cohen G.L. (2006). The benefits cross over threatening situations to decrease stress, increase well-being, improve academic performance, and make people more open to behavior changes. In addition, knowing one's self-worth and reflecting on core values gives an individual a broader view of the self. (Steel C.M. The psychology of self-affirmation: sustaining the integrity of the self.)

The mechanisms for affirmations were studied by using neuroimaging methods. (Falk et al., 2015). This study examined the neural mechanisms of self-affirmation with a task developed for use in a functional magnetic resonance imaging environment. They found an exciting region of interest analysis that proved participants affirmed (compared with unaffirmed participants) showed increased activity in critical areas of the brain's self-processing (medial prefrontal cortex + posterior cingulate cortex) and valuation (ventral striatum + ventral medial prefrontal cortex) systems when reflecting on future-oriented core values (compared with everyday activities). Furthermore, this neural activity predicted changes in sedentary behavior consistent with triumphant affirmation in response to a separate physical activity intervention. These results highlight neural processes associated with successful self-affirmation and suggest that pathways amplify conjunction with prospection.

I am sure that as soon as Moses started his affirmations, "I was sent to deliver the people from oppression; let my people go," something happened inside his brain. The fire from the "burning bush" activated the neural pathways in his brain, firing away at all the self-doubt and raising his self-confidence in preparation for his famous speech, "Let my People Go."

God works in threes, and the second Key he used to get Moses going was to empower him with authority. Moses did not know who was sending him and what power was backing him. "I AM WHO I AM sent you," God declared himself. "I am the self-existence and eternally changeless; I am life itself. The big CEO of the Universe, stop focusing on yourself, Moses, or your resources. I created your mouth and Pharaoh's ears. The bottom line is, it is not about you, Moses; it's about me and my power."

How is this relevant to a speaker for Apple, Microsoft, Space Force, or anything else? Suppose Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, or a supervisor asks you to go and represent the company at a regional convention by delivering a five-to-seven-minute speech; isn't that impressive? Trusted to be a mouthpiece for the firm and endorsed is impressive. Of all the people in the firm to be, you were the chosen one. That is the authority.
Finally, God gave Moses something he was familiar with, a reminder that not only did he have the authority to speak, but he had already overcome another significant fear, snakes. If anyone can overcome the fear of snakes, they can overcome anything.

So, let us recap what we gleaned from this lesson:
(1) Self- affirmations help neutralize the chemical effects of Glossophobia on the brain. There are numerous affirmations to help rewire the brain and nullify Glossophobia.

Self-affirmations keep the ANTS away when practiced daily for three to five minutes. Mornings are the best time before getting up. They are super easy to do, and one can write their own if they wish. There is a plethora of affirmations on YouTube you can glean from. The main thing to remember is to say, see and feel the declarations. Most people repeat the same verse five to ten times. That is, of course, a preference. Here are some suggestions.

Mind
The joy of the Lord is my strength.
I purpose to guard my mouth and my tongue so that I might keep myself from calamity.
My words have the power to produce life.

Body
I am excited about public speaking
I love my audience, and my audience loves me.
I am thankful for an opportunity to speak and connect with others.

Spirit
Today I will use fear as a steppingstone to research my topic and study.
I cast down imaginations and everything that exalts itself against the knowledge of God, including Glossophobia.
I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me.
Remember, it is not about you but the authority that empowers you. Your power comes from that which you stand for: profession, nitch, organization, business, church, subject, genres, or experiences.
(3) Personal stories of lessons learned, mistakes made, or fears that have been overcome all help with easing anxiety and make one feel comfortable in public speaking.

You may say, "I am nobody, I am finished, I will never speak again." Let me remind you that you are on the stage of life, and this is your time to be all you can be.

Nevertheless, here is the way poet Douglas Malloch puts it:

If you can't be a pine on the top of the hill,
Be a scrub in the valley-but be
The best little scrub by the sea of the rill.
Be a bush if you, if you can't, be a tree.

If you can't be a bush, be a bit of the grass,
And some highway happier make.
If you can't be a muskie, then just be a bass-
But the liveliest bass in the lake!

We can't all be captains, we've got to be a crew,
There's something for all of us here.
There's big work to do and there's; lesser to do
And the task we must do is the near.

If you can't be a highway, then just be a trail,
If you can't be the sun, be a star.
It isn't by size that you win, or you fail-
Be the best of whatever you are!

Author Notes It all begins with believing you can, and that starts your mind working in the right direction.


Chapter 3
Demosthenes of Athens

By Maria Millsaps

During the Golden Age lived a man named Demosthenes of Athens. Demosthenes was the son of a wealthy swordmaker. After his father died, his mother, Kleoboule, a Scythian, was deported back to her region. Poor Demosthenes became an orphan. He lost his parents at seven, leaving him at the mercy of his half-brothers and court-appointed legal guardians. The brothers were self-serving and squandered most of his inheritance in loose living and debauchery, neglecting proper education and training for him.

Education was not accessible in Greece and consisted of two curriculums: music, art, literature, science, math, and politics. The second part of the educational curriculum was going to the gymnasium. The gym was more than a place to pump iron naked; it was also a training facility for public competitions, wrestling, and running that offered social interactions for intellectual pursuits. The parents were financially responsible for the boy's education to ensure they grew up strong, Herculean, vigorous, challenging politicians or Orators, mighty and pleasing in the sight of the gods.

That was not the case for Demosthenes. His brothers did not care about his education and treated him like Cinderfella. Only perfectly formed men were actual citizens; others were below men. His instruction from secondary teachers and the inability to work out his physical and political muscles left him piteous.

Despite his lack of proper education and speech impediment, Demosthenes had a high attitude toward knowledge. He was book smart but physically frail as a dragonfly's wing and socially awkward. Demosthenes did not carry himself as Apollo but walked with stooped shoulders, like the Hunchback of Notre Dame. He did not speak in the eloquence of an angel; he stuttered and spoke with a lisp and could not roll his "Rs." People made fun of him. Poor Demosthenes, living in a culture of gladiators, was complicated to him. Most boys joined the Sparta army at his age, but he could not afford military school. Then, when he turned eighteen, he discovered his wicked brothers had embezzled his inheritance. It was a turning point for him. He had to do something quickly to get his estates back.

The court system was still in its preliminary stages. There were no courts as we know today, no officials, no attorneys, or judges, and if a person wanted to litigate a case, they would have to present their appeals to the laypeople court system. In some cases, if a person had deep pockets, they could solicit help from friends or relatives to help develop the main arguments.

Poor Demosthenes did not have money to pay; people laughed at him when he spoke; he walked hunched down; how would he face the courts? There were no Toastmaster Clubs, Speech Coaches, or Speech therapists to help him. How would he present his evidence in court and defend himself as credible enough to influence the courts in his favor?

A fervent desire and determination drove Demosthenes to deal with Glossophobia. His ardent desire to sue his wicked brothers in the court, coupled with a delicate physique that prevented him from receiving the traditional Greek gymnastic education, led him to train himself as an orator.

Plutarch, the Greek historian, and biographer, gives us insight into how Demosthenes built an underground study where he trained. First, he would shave half his head to ensure nothing disturbed his training. That is pretty severe. In addition, for his speech defects, stammering, stuttering, and sputtering, Demosthenes used pebbles. He did not use them to kill his gladiator brothers; he would put them in his mouth and recite verses while running. However, Demosthenes did another thing, which was vital, to overcome Glossophobia. He first wrote his speeches, and then he would practice his lessons in front of a large mirror. NOW THAT IS HARDCORE TRAINING.

Are we ready to venture out to a new level of training to overcome Glossophobia, the villain? Say, "yes, I am ready to defeat that villain."

What can we learn from Demosthenes, the Greek political leader who lived by the pen and died by the pen? First, stand up, and do not allow Glossophobia to steal one's thunder.

Demosthenes did not allow Glossophobia to steal his thunder or keep his inheritance. Instead, he learned, developed, and applied tools and methods to eradicate this villain from his life. So be of good cheer, friends; when there is a will, there is a way. We are going to learn how Demosthenes did it.

His fierce love for justice drove this man to be determined and fearless. Although one may argue that he received little from his estate in the end, one must also acknowledge that he gained more from his self-taught legal rhetoric. The training was the force that catapulted him to become an Athenian political leader who famously stood against Macedonia King Philip II. He became one of the greatest patriots and powerful orators from the pages of history.

Demosthenes started his fight against Glossophobia with determination. He wanted to settle the matter with his brothers regardless of his deficiencies. He believed he could, but not being "a pie-in-the-sky" type of guy, he knew it would take much time, but he had his mind set on overcoming Glossophobia.

Self-determination is respect for the principle of what is right and what is fair. Demosthenes did not make the decisions that affected his life and the quality of his life. He could have succumbed to the same controls in his adult life, but he said, "No. I want control of my life, financial resources, and future." We all can relate to Demosthenes; we want to make our own decisions and control our own lives without conditions or circumstances propagated by fear, the force behind Glossophobia.

When one makes up their mind that one wants to solve a problem and advocate on one's behalf, one recognizes the deficiencies and finds creative ways around the mountain, perhaps speaking to it, but how can one talk to the mountain if one is afraid to speak?

The first thing Demosthenes did was set goals and write them down. We have all heard the cliche "to achieve goals, write them down." How does this work?

Here is a treat. Writing things down operates on two levels: external storage and encoding. External storage records the information on a piece of paper, a vision board, a picture, or anything that is easily accessible for review at any time. Although a visual is a good start, the more profound phenomenon is encoding. Encoding is the biological process by which things perceive travel to the hippocampus, where the brain analyzes them. From there, the brain decides what goes into long-term memory and what gets deleted. Writing down the goals encodes the process for a much greater chance of remembering them.

Neuropsychologists have identified this as the "generation effect." It is activated when a person generates information, creating a picture in the mind and resulting in cognitive processing. Writing down goals narrows the focus and provides short-term motivation and excitement. That brings us to the next point, Passion.

Passion is the value one holds to a significant meaning. Demosthenes was enthusiastic about making a wrong right. Fortunately, he was in hot pursuit, and Glossophobia would not stop him. When it comes to a desirable vindication for an unjust wrong, Glossophobia loses strength and starts to dwindle and shrivel like a sponge fish out of water. However, be careful; a drop of apathy is all that is needed for it to swell up again.

If one thinks or imagines they are ugly or unattractive, this feeds Glossophobia. Extreme psychological body image distortions cause depression. Demosthenes was conscious of his body and knew physical strength was essential to be impactful in a world of gladiators. The effects of physical activities on the body go beyond the aesthetic benefits. It helps the body deliver oxygen and nutrients to the brain tissues. There is no suggestion that anyone should become a marathon runner, but physical training has many benefits. For one, it helps loosen the upper body muscles to make one present, comfortable and relaxed. It also improves memory and allows one to make decisions faster for adapting to an audience, especially a hostile audience. It also helps the heart and lungs and provides more energy.

Physical exercises come in various forms; run with pebbles in the mouth while reciting verses. Not. I wanted to see if anyone was paying attention.

Walking while listening to music or self-recorded affirmations is a good start. Jogging can help burn off the nerves before a speech. Cardio practice help improves overall well-being.

What do Yoga and public speaking have in common? Yoga trains to focus on deep, smooth, and controlled breathing before each movement. Paying attention to the breath helps manage anxiety. People breathe faster and shallower when they are nervous. When speaking, this could lead to hyperventilation and disconnection between mind and body, resulting in one fainting, do not do that. Conscious deep breathing, especially before speaking, can help lower the heart rate and release the voice for a louder, richer quality of voice.

What about OM meditation? Yes, meditation can help connect the mind, body, and true essence of self. Believe it or not, chanting OM stimulates the vagus nerve through its auricular branches, which helps sharpen the brain's power. In addition, studies reveal that chanting can deactivate the limbic system causing the mind to be more alert, aware, and focused. Being focused is being in the moment, which means no thoughts of what happened last week or what will happen tomorrow. It means connecting with the audience.

Demosthenes had poor posture; he stooped down like a tree kissing the ground. Aligning the hips and creating space between each vertebrate opens the heart for a more grounded stance. It projects stability, openness, and confidence. Glossophobia does not like when one forecasts trust and transparency; it weakens its strength.

In summary, physical training helps with memory and learning. In addition, it boosts confidence and reduces stress, and finally, it helps with breathing; it is a powerful weapon to fight anxiety and is a boon companion to overcome Glossophobia.


Author Notes There is a cure for Glossophobia, and it is up to you to use the tools and methods used by champions to overcome it.


Chapter 4
No Pebbles

By Maria Millsaps

Is it convenient to place pebbles in the mouth while running? Demosthenes had to overcome several weaknesses; one of them was a speech impediment. The Greek orator was said to treat his speech impediment by running with pebbles in his mouth while reciting verses.
Demosthenes knew he needed to be heard in the courtroom and sound pleasing and convincing to the audience.
He had to learn to use his authentic voice rather than his habitual voice of stuttering and stammering.

Stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is not entirely understood. The condition manifests as the flow of speech interrupted by repetitions, prolongations, or abnormal stoppages. It severely impacts a person's communication ability and links to fear, a glossophobia trait. Unable to say something is highly stressful in interpersonal communication, a double whammy in public speaking. Hollywood has highly stigmatized and reinforced it with movies like "The life of Brian. A fish called Wanda and Texas." No one knows what causes stuttering, and no one has a cure for it, but the good news is that one can sing that stuttering away and manage it very effectively.

Today no one has to run up hills with pebbles in their mouths to strengthen their voice. However, Demosthenes practiced his speech while running, head half-shaven, because Glossophobia would do anything to stop him from practicing his speech. So Demosthenes left a legacy for us glossophobics to overcome, but no running up a hill with a mouth full of pebbles.

Let us examine why Demosthenes thought running with pebbles in his mouth helped his stammering and stuttering. Speaking involves controlling parts of the mouth and nose to shape the air from the lungs through the larynx, where the vocal folds vibrate. The articulators shape the airflow. These organs help to produce the sounds of language. Organs used for speaking include the pharynx, the lips, teeth, the alveolar ridge, the hard palate, the velum (soft palate), the uvula, the glottis, and various parts of the tongue.

NO, no running with a mouth full of pebbles, but there is something safer, voice training. Yes, you read correctly; voice training is a warm-up routine done daily to help strengthen the articulators.

Interestingly, people who stutter do not stutter when they sing. Research shows that singing engages the auditory-motor feedback pathways. It stimulates and strengthens the muscles involved in articulation, respiration, and phonation. I am not suggesting anyone go out and take singing lessons, although it is a good idea. However, why is it that singing helps with stuttering or slamming?

A study by the University of Iowa concluded that "Music" uses the right side of the brain. For example, the brain uses the left side for language, but when singing, the brain shifts to the right side. The right side is the creative brain.

Celebrities like Kendrick Lamar and Marilyn Monroe started singing to help with their stuttering. There are several benefits to singing a speech during practice. It is more playful and animate and helps exercise the vocal cords, lips, and tongue differently than when talking. There is no pressure when singing, and the rhythmic pattern of music helps to regulate breathing. Singing scales improves pitch memory which is essential to any speaker's training.

Additionally, because one scale typically covers several pitches spanning an octave, practicing scales challenges and expands the vocal range. It helps improve tongue and soft-palate coordination. No one has to be a soprano, tenor, or alto singer. Start by singing the "Rainbow Connection."
If Kermit the frog can sing, so can you. Give it a shot.

If singing is not a strong point, try humming. Humming helps warm and strengthens the vocal cord; this can be done daily while applying makeup or cooking (shaving for men). When done daily, it strengthens the vocal cords, improves the voice range and tone, and puts the rhythm in life.

To strengthen vocal cords, breathe through the nose while sticking out the tongue and exhaling. Do it in front of a mirror. It helps stretch the tongue to open the airway and the vocal cores. Be gentle, the tongue is a tiny member of the body and not customarily exercised, but like any muscle, it becomes more robust with repeated exercise.

We have all heard speak from the diaphragm instead of the throat. The quality of voice in a person is evident by the face color. If a person speaks from their throat, the face turns red, and the person sounds out of breath. Throat speaking is painful; speak from the diaphragm. It means breathing low and deep, as if into the belly, and using that breath to speak.

Some speakers speak through their noses, referred to as nasal voices. A dear friend speaks through his nose. It sounds like air escaping through the nasal cavity. His face turns red, and he looks as if he is ready to pass out. What happens, the back of the roof of the mouth does not fully close against the upper wall of the throat during the speech, leaving the nasal cavity open. Breathing is essential; if you do not think so, try not breathing for five minutes. Yeah, as said, breathing is so important, not only to stay alive but to be a better speaker.

Other speakers sound hoarse, breathy, raspy, or strained or have a lower ranch of pitch. What can be done? Remember the breathing exercises, but most importantly, stay hydrated, drink water, and avoid alcohol and smoking before speaking. Gargling with warm salt water always helps before a speech. Alternatively, try drinking lemon tea. Stay away from spicy foods before a speech.

I am sure Demosthenes would agree that these exercises are much safer and more fun. So let us recap. For training the voice, NO PEBBLES in the mouth. Sing, hum, buzz, trill, yawn, breathe, and even take Vick's lozenges daily for a crystal-clear voice that will make you sound like Escolania de Montserrat, the choir singer.

Author Notes I myself suffered from this condition and I am here to say, I fought and won, so can you.


Chapter 4
Balls, said the Queen-Chapter 4

By Maria Millsaps

Gabe of Babylon sleep had been disturbed by King Dewitt, whose quarters were next to his. He was the chief officer and royal bodyguard of the king. His job was a selfless position, and he worked twenty-four hours protecting the King. Several attempts had been made on King Dewitt since he usurped the crown, and with good reason. King Dewitt was an evil King that lived by the sword and sported with women from the vast dynasty. He had his personal opinions on how the King had vanished the Queen from her throne, but he was an intelligent man and kept them to himself.

He wondered if the King was mad. Did he not realize that a queen had to be from a royal descendant if they were to have royal children? Gabe himself was the grandson of General Goybryas, the late governor of Gutium. The general had become famous for arresting King Nabonidus during the seizing of Great Babylon. His uncle had aspiring dreams of rising to power but died suspiciously. Young Gabe thought he had been poisoned.

Gabe heard King Dewitt speaking out loud.

"Shan, Shan," Gabe rushed into the King's dorm with a dagger in his hand. He was ready to defend King Dawit with his life, as he had done so many times.

"Shan, are you okay"?

"Yes, Gabe, I just had another nightmare."

"Do you want me to summon the enchanters or magicians to help you interpret the dream?" Gabe asked, scanning the room cautiously. Ambushes were common, sometimes plotted by the King himself.

King Dawit pretended to trust Gabe, he did not trust anyone. He thought he was a faithful servant, outstanding military leader, and close friend. The King had a strange philosophy; he kept his friends and his enemies at the same range and very close to him. It was a double sword that had kept him in power and control.

He was not so happy with Gabe since they had returned from the last campaign. He wondered why Gabe had not insisted on the battle strategies he had coined but defaulted to the King's, whose ideas were inferior. King Dewitt knew Gabe to be calculating and careful not to offend him. A sign of weakness in his mind. A General in battle does whatever is necessary to win, sometimes even defiling the king but winning the fight. They lost the Battle of Marathon and were not able to capture Athens.

Gabe was a dwarf of a man compared to King Dawit, who measured eight feet. His long bright red curly hair and beard extended down to his chest. A burly man, a mighty warrior who shunned evil and did what was right in the eyes of the king.

"Sit down, Gabe."

Gabe took a seat in a chair next to the exit door with his eyes facing the balcony. The sun was just rising, and it was going to be a beautiful day, he thought when suddenly he saw a hooded person exiting the gates on horseback. Who was that, he wondered? His thoughts were interrupted.

"I want to know who started the taunting that infuriated me to banish Zenia," Dawit asked angrily. "I will have them cut into pieces, and their houses turned into piles of rubble."
"There were so many," Gabe said. I tried to dissuade you, but you were relentless."

King Dawit looked away in shame. "Never again," he thought to himself. "I have sinned with my gluttonous behavior and have offended the gods." He wondered if his dreams were portending from the gods.

"Tell me, faithful servant, and do not withhold the truth from me; who wrote the decreet to banish the queen?" he asked Gabe.

"I thought you did." Gabe lied. "The King was too drunk to remember anything, and the advisors wrote the decree, and Kaleb held his hand for him to sign it. King Dewitt could read and write but not to the degree of writing a sound legal document to banish the Queen.

"My thoughts are still cloudy, but I would have remembered that?"

Gabe's left eye twitched. He was the king's bodyguard and would defend him to death, but he did not like to be put in a quagmire of confusion.

"You became outraged when the queen refused to parade her modesty in front of your guest and asked your consultants what should be done."

King Dawit starched the back of his ears and sat on his bed.

"Go on, "the King encouraged.

"I do not know why you made such a strange request; none of us could figure it out."
Gabe hesitated and wondered if it was adventitious to tell the king everything. His advisors had wanted him to order her execution. He stopped their relentless taunting, warning them of an insurrection from the people if something happened to Zenia. It would be a bad omen from the gods.

"I cannot believe I was so foolish," Dawit confessed. "

Gabe nodded in silence. He thought the king should be embarrassed.
A knock on the door interrupted their conversation.

The King's advisors started filing in one by one. Men of valor and strength. Some were captured from other countries or turned over by their dissatisfied nobles to the control of the Persian King. It was customary in the Achaemenian culture to utilize and exploit prominent roles as satraps or military generals as long as they aligned with the Persian sovereign.

Author Notes The law of the Medes and Persians was an established principle that once a king formally signed and instituted a decree, it was so binding that even the king could not change it.


Chapter 5
The Dilemma

By Maria Millsaps

It was the Spring of 2017. I was preparing to present a case study to the Board of Behavior Sciences at Chapman University when Glossophobia suddenly reappeared in my life. From where did it come? I do not know, but one day I woke up, and there it was in my face, threatening to rob me of the joys of graduation. I could rationalize that I had developed it from working in a male-dominated environment where women were marginalized. Or I was predisposed to the traditional Hispanic home environment where women were seen but not heard. Psychologically speaking, I had subconsciously developed false beliefs that were sabotaging my efforts. None of this mattered; I had to represent myself in front of the board.

I was different from early childhood; I blamed the moon in Aquarius in my natal chart. I wanted to become a public speaker, something my parents did not mirror. They were simple people, and education was secondary to earning a living to pay the bills. All that hard-earned money, to give it to someone else, imagine that. I remember a heated argument with my father, in which I postulated that working hard was for the feebleminded and intelligent people did not work hard; they worked smart. That did not go well with my stepfather, who thought I was disrespecting his workaholic traits. Ours was a traditional Hispanic family where my father was king of his castle, and my mother was a fertility manufacturing machine. My mother, although intelligent, was trapped in a less-than-favorable lifestyle. She did not develop or learn English subjecting herself to factory work as a seamstress. The conditions were horrific and unfavorable. I was raised in a culture where girls were to be seen but not heard, and when they did speak, it was with tears accompanied by sobs, trepidation, and shame. It was the nature of the beast, but as I said, I was influenced by the moon in Aquarius; different.

Admitting that I was an insubordinate child, defending my arguments after they were carefully examined, was not what my parents expected from me. But in my defense, it was because deep down inside, I knew something was wrong with the expectations my parents and the culture had placed on me. It was not a picnic at home. I was the oldest of eight and, by default, expected to be the mother's helper for my younger siblings. I did not mind the responsibilities. I was parentified, and since I was doing adult work, I deserved the same privileges as an adult, and freedom of speech was one of them.

I loved my mother's simplicities, but they were not for me. I did not want to become another statistic, a pregnant, barefooted, and poor Hispanic female. I wanted a brighter future for myself and my children's children. It was not my choice that my parent brought me to America, the beautiful, but it was my choice to take advantage of the education America offered. I had the opportunity to dream big, and I was a big dreamer, but the constant reminder that I had beer money did not leave a good taste in my mouth.

One of my favorite past times was reading, and for those who want to cancel culture, Dr. Suess, let it be known that it was because of his great works that I learned to read and recite books. So, when I discovered the local library, it became an oasis for this inner-city Latina who wanted to explore the world with beer money.

Engulfed in a science book on making a rainbow with a glass of water, I did not hear my mother calling from the kitchen. Instead, she came out to see what I was doing and found me on the floor with my nose stuck in a book. My mother did not read and thought the activity was a total waste of time, an excuse to skip chores around the house.
"You do not need to read so much," she told me. "What you need to learn to do is learn how to wash clothes and change diapers, make baby formula, sweep, mop, cook, and be silent in the presence of the oppressors."

My mother did not know I was born with an Aquarius moon. My ways were not hers, and my path was different from hers. I was only seven years old.

"Reading so much will make you crazy," she continued. I was already feeling the weight of the world on my shoulders. Why would reading make me go crazy? I wondered, and was being "crazy" a good thing? I liked reading so much that I could lose my mind in the Adventures of Tom Sawyer or the Odyssey with no regrets. Hercules, Hercules.

There was a conflict in my upbringing. My parents were traditional, but I was Americanized. "Why go through the tragedy of crash landing into America if we were not going to pursue the American Dream?" I was a difficult child with many questions and oppositional views. For this, I apologize, not.

When I was twelve years old, I met the love of my life, the only man who influenced and mentored me at a very vulnerable time. I was young, personable, and yearned to learn the secrets that weld the powers. There was only one problem, well, no, there were two, I had beer money, and my parents did not recognize my potential. They expected me to find a boyfriend, get married and open my baby manufacturing plant. Those ideas would plunge me into binge-reading, which would last for months. Books after books, after books. During one of these moments, I met the love of my life, and even though he was much older than me, he understood my dilemma.

I remember going up and down the New York Public Library aisle in midtown Manhattan. It was an extensive library that stored thousands of books that were thousands of years old. I loved the smell of books and how they felt, and the older the book, the more it enticed me. School was out for the summer, and I was looking for something to help anesthetize the summertime anxiety of living in Spanish Harlem. What was I going to do? I did not want to hang out on the fire escape to get a little breeze in the hot, muggy weather. My parents had beer money, so summer camp was out of range. Instead, I needed something to nourish my thoughts as I worked the lemonade stand. That was when I saw Norman Vincent Peale, the Power of Positive Thinking. I took the book in my hands, and it gave me a shock, like electricity flooding my veins. It could have been the carpet on the floor that caused the charge, or it could have been an enigma; whatever it was, it was shocking, and the shock went from my hand to the top of my head and back down to the bottom of my feet. It was an electrifying connection, so I borrowed the book.

That night I met Norman. I know he was much older than me and from a different era. Still, like in the painting of Michelangelo, the Creation of Adam, I felt our fingers touch, and it charged me with a new energy that only got me more in trouble but was exhilarating.

Of course, my friends laughed at me when I told them about Norman. They thought he was old; his adage teachings did not apply to me; I was a Hispanic female, and the only positive thinking I would be doing would be in a factory if I were lucky enough to be hired. They set me straight, I was a dreamer and needed to face the reality that I would end up working in a factory, and with all my reading, I could promote to floor manager, but that was all Norman had to offer me.

I was crushed. Many of my school friends did not even know who Norman Vincent Peale was; they did not read his books and were perfectly happy preparing themselves for pregnancy with no shoes and beer money. After the initial shock, the power of positive thinking surged within me, and that was my turning point. I wanted to be the female counterpart of Norman, a public speaker and a motivator that inspired others. Sadly, my schools did not offer oral communication, listening, or negotiating skills. I could not expect my parents to teach me to be a confident, comfortable, or charismatic speaker; they did not have those skills.

Life crept forward, and before I knew it, all my childhood dreams were behind me. Self-fulfill prophecies spoken by the well-meaning women came to pass. I found myself married and pregnant at the beginning of my adult life. I did not lose heart; I graduated from pre-nursing school, but I struggled with four years of nursing school, shift work, a newborn, and a husband who was not forthcoming.

I ran away from home and joined the military, graduated from the Medical Corp as a Medic, and then went to Officer Candidate School as a commissioned Officer. I trained medics and military personnel in the military and did an excellent job with no problem. After I detached from the military, the Department of Justice, and the Bureau of Prisons, hired me and soon enough promoted me to the rank of Lieutenant. At this time, I noticed something; something had shifted. I was petrified of speaking in public. I worked in a male-dominated environment and one of the most dangerous Federal Penitentiaries, where men kill for sports. I was the sacrificial female first promoted to that level in a Federal Penitentiaries. Not sure what happened, the new environment or the maltreatment I got from the male contra parts, who did not think I could do the job they did better than they did. On the other hand, it may have been the fear of being cast out from the tribe for having opposing views.

I had collaborated with males most of my life and was comfortable with that. I had no problem addressing issues, reprimanding, correcting, or supervising subordinates or individuals. I could speak up a good storm one on one. From others' perspectives, I had it together. No one knew. I did not think I had it until that dreadful day. A week after my promotion, I learned I was required to attend weekly and monthly staff meetings. Not just observe them but brief, train, and update the executive staff, the line staff, and other department heads. The round table meeting required everyone to speak. It should not have been a problem. I had done that before, only this time, it was different. It was a hostile work environment, a dog-eat-dog culture that I had never encountered before. I dreaded these meetings, not because I had nothing to contribute, I had plenty, but it was that dreadful fear that I would make a fool out of myself in front of all those high-ranking males.

The funny thing about fear, it does not allow you to prepare for the task ahead of you because you are too busy worrying, and your brain does not work that way. It takes you to a primitive stage where everything is magnified, and the fear is so natural that you do not prepare. I tried to plan, but the harmful and toxic perfectionist thoughts that I might mispronounce or use a word out of context were overwhelming. I would spend 90% worrying and 10% preparing, and it showed when it was my turn to share my pearls of wisdom. I knew what I wanted to say. I had done my research and had my facts, but when it came to presenting, my voice would crack, my stomach would roar, my tongue would tie, and my mind would blank out. How did I kick Glossophobia out of my life? Stay tuned for another chapter of "As Glossophobia turns."

Author Notes Glossophobia is a horrible condition, and many people suffer from it. This book is a self-help book to overcome this condition.


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